PDF《Driver燱ellness,毁afety？&炉he?》

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1 ? Driver?Wellness,?Safety?&

?the?Development?of?an?AwareCar? Joseph?F.

?Coughlin,?Bryan?Reimer?&

?Bruce?Mehler? Massachusetts?Institute?of?Technology? Center?for?Transportation?&

?Logistics? AgeLab? New?England?University?Transportation?Center? 77?Massachusetts?Avenue,?E40\278? Cambridge,?MA?02139? (617)?253\0753?? [email protected],[email protected],[email protected]? ? December?30,?2009? ABSTRACT? Traffic?safety?has?been?traditionally?addressed?through?individual?improvements?to?the?car?by? manufacturers;

?improvements?to?the?driver?through?education?and?enforcement;

?and,?improvements?to? the?infrastructure?by?government.?While?none?of?these?approaches?is?incorrect,?they?are?incomplete.?We? believe?that?further?opportunities?for?enhancing?safety?are?to?be?found?in?creatively?exploiting?the? overlapping?and?interactive?nature?of?the?role?of?the?vehicle,?driver,?and?driving?environment?in?accident? prevention?and?mitigation.?We?apply?wellness,?as?developed?in?the?fields?of?health?behavior?and?sports? psychology,?as?an?integrating?framework?to?envision?driver?performance?as?dynamic?and?improvable.? From?this?perspective,?and?building?on?advances?in?ambient?intelligence,?we?propose?the?development? of?an?AwareCar.?The?AwareCar?concept?would?detect?driver?state?(fatigue?or?stress);

?display?that? information?to?the?driver?to?improve?the?driver'

s?situational?awareness?in?relation?to?road?conditions?and? their?own?'

normal'

?driving?behaviors;

?and?offer?in\vehicle?systems?to?refresh?the?driver?thereby? improving?performance?and?safety.?Progress?in?the?development?of?this?concept?is?discussed?in?the? context?of?the?ongoing?research,?testing,?and?validation?of?the?MIT?AwareCar?platform.? WELLNESS?AS?A?DESIGN?&

?ENGINEERING?FRAMEWORK? The?baby?boomers,?individuals?born?between?1946?and?1964,?are?the?nation'

s?largest?generation?and?are? now?well?into?middle?age?and?confronting?the?challenges?of?aging.?Health?and?active?management?of? their?wellbeing?occupy?a?large?part?of?their?personal?agenda.?As?the?nation'

s?largest?generation,?their? personal?attention?has?made?wellbeing?a?public?issue.?Wellness,?the?pursuit?of?optimal?personal? performance,?is?therefore?receiving?an?explosive?level?of?attention?from?consumers?and?businesses?alike.? As?one?sports?apparel?manufacturer?noted,?the?aging?baby?boomers?are?now?experiencing?the?aches?and? pains?of?middle?age,?but?also?have?the?desire?and?resources?to?manage?them.?Typically?associated?with? health,?wellness?includes?the?pursuit?of?total?wellbeing?and?has?many?dimensions.?In?addition?to?basic? needs?such?as?access?to?food,?shelter,?healthcare,?etc.,?these?dimensions?include?mental?wellness,?the? management?of?stress;

?spiritual?wellness?or?a?sense?of?balance?in?one'

s?life;

?emotional?balance,?including? mood;

?reactions?to?the?actions?of?others;

?and?workplace?satisfaction?.?The?ability?to?achieve?these? multiple?performance?goals?C?optimal?health,?low?stress,?balance?and?emotional?wellbeing,?is?to?achieve? wellness.?? Driver?Wellness,?Safety?&

?the?Development?of?an?AwareCar?

2 Borrowing?from?sports?psychology,?a?wellness?perspective?provides?a?strategy?to?achieve?optimal? performance.?This?includes?personal?awareness,?a?process?and?continuing?motivation?to?improve,?and?an? on\going?assessment?of?progress.?Coughlin?(2003,?2007)?argues?that?wellness?can?be?translated?into?a? design?feature?that?can?be?engineered?into?products?to?actively?engage?the?user?in?the?monitoring,? management?and?optimization?of?their?performance?in?the?home,?workplace,?clinic,?retail?environment,? etc.?Wellness,?therefore,?can?been?viewed?as?a?system?having?three?functional?components:?(1)?a? process?and?desire?for?continuous?improvement;