PDF《Driver燱ellness,毁afety？&炉he?》

?Janssen,?2001;

?Merat?&

?Jamson,?2009;

?Parasuraman?&

?Riley,? 1997).?? The?quality?of?an?operator'

s?performance?is?significantly?impacted?by?their?level?of?arousal?and?ability?to? attend?appropriately?to?relevant?events.?The?relationship?between?arousal?level?and?performance?has? been?depicted?as?an?inverted\U?shaped?curve?generally?referred?to?as?the?Yerkes\Dodson?Law?(Yerkes?&

? Dodson,?1908;

?see?also?Broadhurst,?1959;

?Duffy,?1962).?Underlying?this?principle?of?behavior?is?the? observation?that?both?under?arousal?(fatigue)?and?over?arousal?(stress)?are?associated?with?decrements? in?performance.?Optimal?performance?occurs?in?a?range?between?these?extremes?where?the?level?of? arousal?and?attention?is?appropriately?balanced?for?the?demands?of?the?task.? Arousal?is?a?broad?concept?and?this?same?inverted\U?relationship?can?be?applied?to?similar?constructs.? Figure?2?is?a?recasting?of?the?Yerkes\Dodson?Law?relating?performance?to?the?level?of?workload?/?stress? (arousal)?and?an?updated?adaptation?to?driving?and?similar?operational?tasks?(Reimer,?Coughlin,?&

? Mehler,?2009).?In?this?model,?both?sides?of?the?arousal?curve,?underload?and?fatigue?as?well?as?overload? and?high?distraction,?represent?regions?of?concern.?The?driver?who?is?fatigued?due?to?lack?of?sleep?or? lulled?into?an?inattentive?state?due?to?monotonous?conditions?is?at?high?risk?for?losing?control?of?the? vehicle?or?to?failing?to?respond?to?an?emergin........