PDF《发酵床养猪过程中垫料 P 素和 K 素物质流分析》

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3 种垫料 (40%稻壳+60%菌糠、 40%稻壳+60%锯木屑、 40%稻壳+60%酒糟) 为研究对象, 分别在育肥猪进栏前和出栏 后对垫料和表层土壤进行采样分析,采用物质流分析的方法分析了一个养猪周期内

3 种垫料 TP 和TK 的损失途径.

结果表明: P 素在发酵床养殖过程中主要的损失途径为猪采食与淋溶损失, 总损失量分别为 (FJ: 40%稻壳+60%菌糠组合) 15.69 kg、 (FD: 40% 稻壳+60%锯木屑组合) 16.61 kg、 (FW: 40%稻壳+60%酒糟组合) 14.37 kg;

而3种发酵床分别有 (FJ) 80.74 kg、 (FD) 52.48 kg、 (FW) 84.65 kg 的总 P 库存在垫料中, 75%耀85%的P素会滞留在垫料中,损失率均超过 14%.K 素的主要损失途径也为猪采食与淋溶损 失, 总损失量分别为 (FJ) 45.95 kg、 (FD) 33.95 kg、 (FW) 63.95 kg;

总库存的 K 素分别为 (FJ)

158 kg、 (FD)

107 kg、 (FW)

136 kg, 68%耀78%的K素会留存在垫料中, 损失率均超过 22%.养殖过后发酵床下部表层土壤会出现 P 素和 K 素累积现象, 为了防止元素通过 淋溶作用渗漏损失, 建议发酵床垫料厚度要超过

50 cm. 关键词: 磷;

钾;

发酵床垫料;

养分转化;

物质流分析 中图分类号: X71 文献标志码: A 文章编号: 1672-2043 (2016) 09-1750-06 doi:10.11654/jaes.2016-0093 发酵床养猪过程中垫料 P 素和 K 素物质流分析 张丽萍 1,

2 , 盛婧1,

2 , 刘红江 1,

2 , 陈留根 1,

2 , 郑建初 1, 2* (1.江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 南京 210014;

2.江苏省农业科学院循环农业研究中心, 南京 210014) Material flows of phosphorus and potassium in deep litter of swine biobeds ZHANG Li-ping1,2 , SHENG Jing1,2 , LIU Hong-jiang1,2 , CHEN Liu-gen1,2 , ZHENG Jian-chu1,2* (1.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;

2.Circular Agri原culture Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China) Abstract: In this study, material flows of phosphorus (P)and potassium (K)in deep litter of swine bio-beds were examined using three kinds of deep litter, i.e., 40% rice husk+60% mushroom bran (FJ) , 40% rice husk+60% sawdust (FD) , and 40% rice husk+60% vinasse (FW) . Phosphorus and K transformations in deep litters and top soils during a feeding period were determined. Results indicated that phosphorus lost mainly via leaching and pig feeding, in which the losses were 15.69, 16.61 and 14.37 kg, respectively, for FJ, FD, and FW. Residual P were 80.74, 52.48, and 84.65 kg in deep litter of FJ, FD and FW, respectively, which accounted for 75%耀85% of total P. The rest 14% of P was lost via foraging and leaching. The K losses were 45.95, 33.95, and 63.95 kg, in FJ, FD, and FW, respectively. The residual amount of K was 158,

107 and

136 kg, respectively in FJ, FD and FW, indicating that more than 68%耀78% of K was retained in the litter. The loss rate was over 22% due to foraging and leaching. Accumulation of P and K in top soils was found at the bottom of biobed. In order to prevent nutrient losses through leaching, the litter depth of biobed should be more than

50 cm. Keywords: phosphorus;

potassium;

biobed litter;

nutrient transformation;

material flow 收稿日期: 圆园16原01原20 基金项目: 集约化农区种养结合生产技术集成与工程示范 (201203050-2) 作者简介: 张丽萍 (1983―) , 女, 汉族, 博士, 助研.目前从事的研究方 向为农业资源与利用.E-mail: [email protected] * 通信作者: 郑建初 E-mail: [email protected] 圆园16,