PDF《陆金珍昆明市西山区苹果化学疏花疏果效果试验_陆金珍》

Vol.

30 No.2 Jun.

2012 第30 卷第2期2012 年6月经济林研究Nonwood Forest Research 收稿日期:2011-11-20 基金项目:国家林业局

948 项目 (2010-4-07). 作者简介:陆金珍(1985―),女,广西南宁人.硕士研究生,主要从事果树生殖生物学的研究.E-mail:lujinzhen317@hotmailcom. 通讯作者:石卓功(1957―),男,湖南邵阳人.教授,博士,主要从事经济林(果树)的教学与研究工作.E-mail:[email protected]. 昆明市西山区苹果化学疏花疏果效果试验 陆金珍, 石卓功, 和润喜 (西南林业大学 林学院,云南 昆明 650224) 摘要:为给昆明市苹果树的栽培管理提供科学依据,以15 年生红富士苹果为供试品种,采用随机区组设计, 选用单氰胺、硫脲、尿素、石硫合剂、TMN-6 这5种化学药剂,就其疏花疏果的效应问题于盛花期进行了试验 研究.结果表明:5 种药剂处理的花序及花朵坐果率的差异不显著,疏除率均高于 96%;

人工疏除的坐果花序单 果比例低,仅为 50%,用6% 的尿素处理后其单果比例最高达 96.43%,用4% 石硫合剂处理的为 95.24%,用2% 石硫合剂处理的为 92.86%;

各种处理后果形指数的差异不显著.试验结果表明:低浓度的硫脲和 5% 的尿素是 较适宜于昆明市西山区红富士苹果的疏花疏果剂. 关键词:苹果;

红富士;

疏花疏果;

果形指数;

昆明市西山区 中图分类号:S661.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1003―8981(2012)02―0091―04 Experiment of chemical flower and fruit thinning of apple at Xishan District of Kunming City LU Jin-zhen, SHI Zhuo-gong, HE Run-xi (Faculty of forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China) Abstract: Taking 15-year-old Fuji Apple as materials, effect of thinning flower and fruit was studied with randomized block design during blooming stage by using cyanamide, thiourea, urea, lime sulfur and TMN-6, in order to provide a scientific basis for cultivation and management of apple tree in Kunming. The results showed that the difference of fruit setting rate of inflorescences and flowers was not significant, and the thinning rate of all treatments was above 96%. The proportion of single-fruit inflorescence by artificial thinning was lower, only 50%. In the treatment of 6% urea, the proportion was 96.43%, it was the highest. The proportions were 95.24% and 92.86% respectively in the lime sulfur 4% and 2% treatments. Fruit shape index had no significant difference among all treatments. The more appropriate chemical thinning flower and fruit agents of Fuji Apple at Xishan District of Kunming were lower concentrations of thiourea and 0.6% urea. Key words: apple;

Fuji Apple;

thinning flower and fruit;

fruit shape index;

Xishan District of Kunming City 昆明市西山区团结镇、昭通市和丽江市是云 南省重要的苹果种植区.因团结镇的独特的地理 和区位优势,该种植区的苹果质优且比国内其他 产区的苹果市场价格贵.富士苹果 Malus pumila Mill 是昆明地区苹果的主栽品种,而正常管理情 况下盛果期的红富士苹果树一般开花过量,坐果 过多,致使养分消耗过多,造成了大小年现象的 出现.合理的疏花疏果能够避免大小年现象的发 生,可实现优质稳产的目的.人工疏花疏果最为 稳妥,但其劳动力成本过高;

而化学疏花疏果省 时省力,故国内外不少学者都在致力于寻找合适 的化学药剂和方法 [1-4] .已见报道的红富士苹果化 学药剂疏花疏果的试验有很多 [5-8] ,但有关能适宜 于昆明本地红富士苹果的疏花疏果药剂和疏除方 法的研究却尚未见诸报道.为给昆明市苹果树的 栽培管理提供科学依据,选用目前国际上在仁果