PDF《药地愚者与明季禅学的精神丕变》

药地愚者与明季禅学的精神丕变 邓盛涛 *? 新加坡国立大学中文系 摘要药地愚者大师(AD.

1611-1671),出家前名方以智,字密之, 长期以来被指认为明代考证与博物学的先导;

或者被看成是中 国近代科学的先行者;

近来,又被认为是明末清初三教会通的 重要人物.但药地作为明季曹洞宗寿昌系高僧的生涯及其禅学 思想却没有获得足够的关注与讨论.本文从探讨药地「行动取 向」入手,希望以此重新还原药地由忠臣孝子到披缁为僧,进 而入主青原山复兴曹洞宗一脉,最后临难舍身,於惶恐滩乘无 诤三昧而去的心路历程.同时根陆沓霭娴摹抖衣肌 、 《青原愚者智禅师语录》 ,并结合其他涉及药地禅学思想的重要 文献,如《东西均注释》 、 《青原志略》 、 《药地炮庄》 、 《易余》 等,探讨药地的「本分禅」观及其对晚明「狂禅」的反思,明季 ? 本名:邓胜涛. -

36 - 圆光佛学学报 第三十一期 禅教一致的潮流下,药地的「文字禅」观和明季华梵交宣背景下 药地的「儒佛会通」思想,并以此说明作为曹洞宗寿昌系禅僧 的药地愚者,在明季禅学精神丕变中的独特地位. 关键词:药地愚者、 《冬灰录》 、本分禅、文字禅、儒佛会通、 明季禅学 药地愚者与明季禅学的精神丕变 -

37 - Yaodi Yuzhe and the Spiritual Transformation of Ch'

an Buddhism in Late Ming Dynasty Sheng-tao Deng Department of Chinese Studies, National University of Singapore Abstract Yaodi Yuzhe (AD.1611-1671, named Fang Yizhi before his renunciation of mundane life) has long been known as the pioneer of textual research and natural history in Ming Dynasty;

or has been considered to be the forerunner of Chinese modern science. Recently, Yaodi has also been considered to be the significant figure of advocating the syncretization of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in the late Ming Dynasty. However, the status of Yaodi'

s being the eminent monk of Caodong School in late Ming and his thoughts of Ch'

an Buddhism have not yet been fully discussed. This article starts with discussing the Action Orientation of Yaodi and hopes to investigate the inner mind journey of Yaodi. From -

38 - 圆光佛学学报 第三十一期 being the filial piety and the loyal ministers to Ch'

an monk, he then enters the Qingyuan Mountains to rejuvenate the Cao Dong Zong, and finally he passed away with Samadhi in Huangkong Tan. Meanwhile, based on newly published Dong Hui Lu and Qingyuan Yuzhe Zhi Chanshi Yulu, and making use of other important original materials concerning the Ch'

an Buddhism thought of Yaodi, such as Dong Xi Jun, Qingyuan Zhilue, Yaodi Paozhuang and Yi Yu, this article explores the thought of Yaodi'

s Benfen, Ch'

an and its introspection on Crazy Ch'

an in late Ming dynasty, the thought of Yaodi'

s literal Ch'

an under the popular trend of consistency of Ch'

an and Teaching in late Ming dynasty, Yaodi'

s syncretization of Confucianism, and Buddhism thought under the background of communion of China and Indian thought. Through the above exploration and analysis, this article emphasizes Yaodi'

s unique status in the spiritual transformation of Ch'

an Buddhism in late Ming dynasty. Keywords: Yaodi Yuzhe, Dong Hui Lu, Benfen Ch'

an, Literal Ch'

an, Syncretization of Confucianism and Buddhism, Late Ming Ch'

an Buddhism 药地愚者与明季禅学的精神丕变 -