PDF《中国城镇污泥管理 的主要问题与国内外实践启示》

construction of sludge treatment and disposal facilities is far behind, and low safety of disposal is concerned. Most sludge across the country has not been stabilized or properly treated;

it is directly disposed off to landfill sites after simple dewatering, which not only requires great cost in transportation and disposal, but also triggers serious secondary environmental concerns, such as groundwater pollution, heavy metal contamination, pathogen and high salinity pollution, and odor emission. China is facing many challenges on sludge treatment. Firstly, there is a lack of sufficient financial support. In most of the cities in China, the sewage treatment tariff imposed is inadequate to cover the cost of the operation. And the sewage treatment tariff does not cover the sludge treatment tariff. Though recycling sludge can recover a small amount of capital, it is impossible to achieve cost recovery. Secondly, it is hard for the local governments to select appropriate technologies according to specific sludge compositions, leading to high cost and low performanceefficiency. Thirdly, there is a lack of cross sectoral coordination on sludge land use. The standards and regulations related to sludge land use sometimes conflict with each other.The last but not the least, a performance benchmarking and information disclosure system is missing. The European Union and the US are more experienced in urban sludge treatment and disposal. First of all, the EU has good sludge management frameworks. Technical Committee of Sludge Properties from The European Committee of Standardization is responsible for setting European standards on sludge, including standards for sludge parameters, guidance for sludge treatment and disposal, and future requirements for sludge management. Secondly, EU has set a series of regulations on reducing secondary pollution caused by sludge disposal, and recycling nutrients and energy in sludge. In addition to the standards on agricultural use of sludge at the EU level, member countries also set further regulations and policies domestically. EU regulations are clear, tailored and practical, and with learning and practicing its contents and scope have been updated continuously. Land use is the main way of sludge disposal in US in past decades. Sustainability, odor control, community acceptance, energy efficiency, resource recycling and impacts on land productivity of sludge land use are the key concerns. However, with the increasing management cost and stricter approval process, the land used sludge is declining. US is exploring new methods for sludge management. For example, co-digestion with other organic wastes to produce biogas. According to the discussion on the situation and challenge of sludge treatment in China and the analysis of the experience of the EU and the US, this report summarizes the following suggestion to support the decision making: Strengthen the coordination between departments: The Ministry of Housing and Urban- rural Development, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the Ministry of Forestry and the Landscaping department should work together and reach agreement on standards of sludge land use and regulatory process. The Ministry of Environmental Protection should strengthen the law enforcement and supervision, prevent substandard industrial waste water discharging into urban sewage treatment plants, thus reducing heavy metalsin sludge and increasing the possibility of sludge land use. Select the appropriate technologies: Conduct experiments and pilots in the local sewage treatment plants. The governments should pay more attention to the R&