PDF《密封厌氧发酵池-在中国养猪场的应用》

7 甲烷市场化(M2M)部门 M2M Sectors 甲烷市场化(M2M)合作伙伴 关注4个关键部门: The M2M Partnership focuses on

4 key sectors: ? 农业 Agriculture C 牲畜生产 C Livestock Production C 农工经营项目 C Agro-industrial Activities ? 垃圾填埋 Landfills ? 石油和煤气 Oil and Gas ? 煤矿 Coal Mines

8 研讨会目标 Workshop Objectives ? 介绍密封厌氧发酵池,作为处理牲畜废物的一种方法;

? To introduce covered anaerobic lagoons as an option for treating livestock wastes, ? 为在养猪场设计和运行密封厌氧发酵池提供指导;

? To provide guidance for designing and operating covered anaerobic lagoons on swine farms, ? 在猪粪便管理系统中,结合厌氧发酵可行性的初步现场评估,提出一种 方法;

? To present a methodology for preliminary site assessments of the feasibility of incorporating anaerobic digestion in swine manure management systems, and ? 讨论如何通过减少温室气体排放,使具有沼气采集功能的厌氧发酵创收. ? To discuss how anaerobic digestion with biogas capture can generate revenue through the greenhouse gas emissions reductions realized.

9 猪和牛粪便稳定性的选项 Options for Swine and Dairy Manure Stabilization ? 首先是传统的厌氧发酵池,随后是土地利用或者鱼池,然后是土地利 用或者地表水排放 ? Conventional anaerobic lagoons followed by land application or fish ponds and then land application or surface water discharge - 有害气味 - Noxious odors - 甲烷排放 - Methane emissions - 随着地表水排放,水质下降 - Water quality degradation with surface water discharge - 在夜间和多云的白天,可能很难在鱼池中保持剩余溶解氧浓度 - Possible difficulty in maintaining a residual dissolved oxygen concentration in fish ponds at night and during cloudy days

10 猪和牛粪便稳定性的选项(续) Options for Swine and Dairy Manure Stabilization (continued) ? 在受控情况下的厌氧发酵 ? Anaerobic digestion under controlled conditions - 良好的气味控制 - Good odor control - 水污染的可能性降低 - Reduced water pollution potential - 甲烷排放量降至最低 - Minimal methane emissions - 提供一种有用能源,能够减少与二氧化碳排放有关的矿物燃料 - Provides a usable source of energy that can reduce fossil fuel related carbon dioxide emissions - 通过使用沼气和销售碳排放信用额,实现抵消成本创收的可能 - Potential to generate revenue to offset costs through biogas use and sale of carbon credits

11 厌氧发酵过程基础 Anaerobic Digestion Process Fundamentals ? 沼气是一种甲烷和二氧化碳的混合物,是在无氧的情况 下由微生物还原复合有机化合物(各种碳水化合物,蛋 白质和脂肪)形成的. ? Biogas, a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide, is formed by the microbial reduction of complex organic compounds (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) in the absence of oxygen. ? 这个过程产生微生物细胞维持和成长所需的能量和有机 碳. ? The process yields energy and organic carbon for microbial cell maintenance and growth.

12 沼气的形成-三步过程 Biogas Formation - A Three Step Process ? 第1步-水解不可溶解和复合可溶解化合物,形成有机 酸和酒精 . ? Step

1 - Hydrolysis of insoluble and complex soluble compounds to form organic acids and alcohols. ? 第2步- 将第1步中形成的有机酸和酒精还原成为醋酸盐、 氢和二氧化碳. ? Step

2 - Reduction of organic acids and alcohols formed in Step