PDF《密封厌氧发酵池-在中国养猪场的应用》

1 to acetate, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. ? 第3步- 将第2步中生成的产品进一步还原成为甲烷和二 氧化碳. ? Step

3 - Further reduction of the products produced in Step

2 to methane and carbon dioxide.

13 有机物质转化,形成甲烷 Organic Matter Transformations Resulting in Methane Formation 复合有机化合物 [各种多糖、蛋白质、脂类] Complex Organic Compounds [Polysaccharides, Proteins, Lipids] 发酵Fermentations 有机酸, 酒精 Organic Acids, Alcohols 醋酸盐 Acetate 甲烷,二氧化碳 Methane, Carbon Dioxide 氢,二氧化碳 Hydrogen, Carbon Dioxide 甲烷 Methane 甲烷生成 Methanogenesis

14 过程稳定性 Process Stability ? 负责第1步和第2步的微生物比甲烷形成细菌繁殖得快. ? The microorganisms responsible for Steps

1 &

2 reproduce more rapidly than the methane forming bacteria. ? 如果甲烷形成细菌的数量不足以还原它们产生的有机 酸和酒精,则发生积聚. ? If the population of methane forming bacteria is not adequate to reduce the organic acids and alcohols as they are produced, accumulation will occur.

15 过程稳定性(续) Process Stability (continued) ? 虽然有机酸在低浓度时是能量和碳的来源,但是,在 较高浓度时却变得有毒. ? Although the organic acids are sources of energy and carbon at low concentrations, they become toxic at higher concentrations. ? 这样,发酵和甲烷形成细菌数量之间的不平稳会抑制 甲烷的形成. ? Thus, the absence in balance between the fermentation and methane forming bacterial populations can cause methane formation to be inhibited.

16 猪和牛粪便厌氧发酵选项 Options for the Anaerobic Digestion of Swine and Dairy Manures 发酵器类型 Type of Digester 技术水平 Level of Technology 总固体浓度 Total Solids Concentration 所允许的固体 Solids Allowable 辅助热 Supplement al Heat HRT (1) (天) (days) 密封发酵池 Covered lagoon 低Low 0.1-2% 细Fine 无No 20+(2) 完全混合 Complete mix 中Medium 2-10% 粗Coarse 有(3) Yes(3) 15+ 附着生长 Attached growth 中Medium 0.5-2% 可溶解 Soluble 有(3) Yes(3) 2+ 活塞式 (4) Plug-flow (4) 低Low 11-13% 粗Coarse 有(3) Yes(3) 20+ 1. HRT =水力停留时间=发酵器容积/日进水容量 HRT = Hydraulic retention time = digester volume/daily influent volume 2. 依照气候而定 Depends on climate 3. 在热带气候条件下可选 Optional in tropical climates 4. 只限于牛奶场Dairies only

17 密封发酵池示意图 Covered Lagoon Schematic 密封发酵池示意图 护坡道 地锚沟 进水管 盖子 粪便液位 沼气储存 出水管 内衬 沼气管 混凝土 压实土 仅用于总固体质量分数为0.5~3% 的粪便 only for Manure with 0.5 to 3% Total Solids

18 密封发酵池照片 Photograph of a Covered Lagoon

19 混合发酵器示意图 Mixed Digester Schematic 总固体量为3-10%

3 to 10% Total Solids 沼气储存 Biogas Storage 粪便表面 Manure Surface 混凝土垫 Concrete Pad 盖子 (柔性或者刚性) Cover (Flexible or Rigid 搅拌器 Mixers 热交换器Heat Exchanger 带泵集粪池 Manure Reception Pit with Pump 进水 Influent 出水 Effluent

20 混合发酵器照片 Photograph of a Mixed Digester

21 活塞式流动发酵器示意图 Plug-flow Digester Schematic 仅适用于最小总固体质量分数为11-13%的废弃奶牛粪肥 ONLY FOR SCRAPED DAIRY MANURE WITH A MINIMUM OF

11 TO 13% TOTAL SOLIDS 罐体必须长而窄 MUST BE A LONG NARROW TANK 盖子Cover 粪便Manure 出水结构 Effluent Structure 进水结构Influent Structure 粪便Manure 沼气储存Biogas Storage