PPT《Lecture Sixteen》

Lecture Sixteen Long sentences (II) iii.

Reversing(倒装) 翻译中的倒置不同于语法中的倒装(Inversion),倒置主要是指句子的前后调换问题:一般是将英语长复杂句前置、切断成长短句后,或进行局部调整,或进行总体调整,原则是使汉语译句安排符合习惯表达法,即符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序,结果译句恰恰是将原句的意思倒着说. 1.将英语原句全部倒置 A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties. 五十年代后期的美国出现了一个任何人都不可能视而不见的现象,穷知识分子以 垮掉的一代 这种颇为浪漫的姿态出现而成为美国的典型的穷人,正是在这个时候,大批大学毕业生被赶进了知识分子贫民窟. He had flown in just the day before from Georgia when he had spent his vacation basking(晒太阳) in the Caucasian sun after the completion of the construction job he had been engaged in the south. 他本来在南方从事一项建筑工程,任务完成之后,他就上格鲁吉亚去度假,享受高加索的阳光,头一天才坐飞机回来. 2.部分倒置 The man in the street scarcely realizes that many forms of business, some major industries, and one or two minor professions could be completely abolished without gravely injuring American society;

whereas the disappearance―or even what we see in some quarters, the continuous neglect and degradation―of the teaching profession must mean a disaster to the entire nation. The man in the street scarcely realizes that many forms of business, some major industries, and one or two minor professions could be completely abolished without gravely injuring American society;

whereas the disappearance―or even what we see in some quarters, the continuous neglect and degradation―of the teaching profession must mean a disaster to the entire nation. 在美国,许多行业可以完全停业,某些主要工业可以完全废除,一两个次要职业也可以完全取消,而不致于严重影响美国社会;

但如果没有教师这一职业,或者像在某些地区那样,教育事业长期未受重视,因而每况愈下,那么就整个国家而言,必将是一场灾难.这一点,一般人是很少认识到的. 在上例中,我们也可用冒号将句子切断如下:一般人很少认识到……在大多数情况下,倒置只是一种手段.翻译手段的取舍标准,在于译文的效果,而不是手段的本身.用冒号将句子切断的句式,在现代汉语中是常见的.只要安排得当,句子也很自然,因为冒号对下文有提示作用,便于下文承接.同时,它还能顺应英语的表达习惯,但也有不宜采取句首切断的情况.如: Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. 许多人常常宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位,这在西方倒是人之常情. Then, most Americans had little interest in 1,500,000 square kilometers of icebergs and polar bears ―beyond Canada'

s western borders, far from the settled areas of the United States. 对(阿拉斯加)这个比邻加拿大西部边境、远离美国已开发地区的 150万平方公里满是冰山和北极熊 的地方,当时大多数美国人根本不感兴趣. iv .Splitting(拆离) 拆离是将长句中的某些成分(句子、词组或词)从句子主干中拆开,另行处理,以利句子的总体安排.英语长句中有某些成分很难用切断式顺译,也难以包孕在句中,可行的办法就是将它们拆开,放在主句之首或末尾,以免造成行文上的梗阻. 1.拆离单词 An outsider'