PPT《Lecture Sixteen》

1582 Richard Mulcaster, one of the earliest English grammarians who paid attention to this problem, wrote the English tongue is of small reach, stretching no further than this island of ours (England), nay, not there over all. 1582年,理查德・迈尔卡斯特――最早注意到这个问题的英语语法学家之一――写道: 英语的流行范围很小,充其量只在我们这个英格兰岛――甚至并没有遍及全岛. vi. Recasting(重组) 重组就是将英语长句结构完全理清,将原意完全弄懂以后按汉语叙事论理的习惯重新组织句子,基本上脱离了原句的层次和结构安排.重组的好处是:由于彻底摆脱了原文语序和句子形式的约束,因此比较易于做到汉语行文流畅自然,一气呵成.其缺陷在于:新手不易掌握,因为译者不得不完全摆脱原文,故而疏漏极易发生,原文的轻重,分寸及语气也极易被忽略. In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors. 门口放着一堆雨伞,少说也有十二把,五颜六色,大小不一. The poor are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty. 对于以往的几代人来说,旧式的体力劳动是一种用以摆脱贫困的手段,而技术的进步则摧毁了穷人赖以为生的体力劳动.因此,首先体验到技术进步之害的是穷人. 以上介绍的几种长句难句翻译法,在翻译实际中往往需要加以综合运用,其中最基本的技法是包孕和切断,学习者必须悉心体会,勤于实践如何恰到好处地运用包孕特别是切断法,并巧妙地辅以其他的长句翻译手段,把长句、难句这个消极因素化为锻炼自己笔力的积极因素. Exercises 1.Americans who would be patriots must try to learn what it is that they have in common, what it is in the republic that is worth cherishing and preserving;

until they know that, their patr........