PPT《第六章 增补与省略》

第六章 增补与省略 I、增补 (Amplification) I、增补 (Amplification) 翻译时需要在字面上作一些增补调整,增加一些原文中所没有的但一定要在语言结构上、语义上、修辞上是必需的、不可缺少的词、词组甚至句子.

所谓增词,不单是说译文比原文多了几个词,而主要是指通过增加词汇来补充或阐明原文的意思或满足英语本身的需要.

一、从语法角度增补 汉语为意合(parataxis,是指不借助语言形式手段,而借助词语或句子所含意义的逻辑联系来实现它们之间的连接),语法呈隐形,即通过语义表达逻辑关系,有许多句子省略主语、宾语、介词、连词,但不影响理解.英语为形合(hypotaxis,是指借助语言形式手段――包括词汇手段和形态手段――实现词语或句子的连接),语法呈显性.汉译英时,通常把汉语句子中隐含的成分补充完整,同时又要符合英语行文习惯. 1.书到后应立即付款.1).Books are to be paid right after you receive them. 2).You are supposed to pay right after the books are delivered.3).Please make payment as soon as you get the books. 原文是祈使句,祈使句暗含的主语即是 你 ,翻译成英语时,应表现出原文的祈使句特征,或者补充主语 你 ,或者也翻译为祈使句.

1、增补主语、宾语 2. 要提倡顾全大局.=>

我们 要顾全大局.We should develop the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration.3如果他想借我的车,我就借给他(我的车).I'

ll lend my car to him if he wants to borrow it.

1、增补主语、宾语 你如何翻译下列句子?*1. 大作收到,十分高兴.=>

我 收到 您 的大作, 我 十分高兴.I am very glad to have received your writing.*2..没有调查就没有发言权. 没有进行调查的 人 就没有发言权.He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.

1、增补主语、宾语 3.我不知道学校图书馆有没有这本书,如果没有就去买吧.I don'

t know whether you can find the book in our school'

s library, if it is not available ,you have to buy it. 汉语里无冠词.有冠词是英语的特点之一,名词前一般都有冠词,汉译英时要增补冠词.例:你认为我花园里那红白相间的玫瑰怎样? How do you like the red and white roses in my gardens?

2、增补冠词 你如何翻译下列句子?*1. 辞典是良师.【译文】A dictionary is a good teacher.*2. 一定是天亮了,因为鸟儿在歌唱.【译文】It must be morning now, for the birds are singing.

2、增补冠词

3、 增补连词或连接性词语 汉语重意合,英语重形合,把汉语翻译成英语时,为符合英语语法习惯,要适当增加连词或连接性词语,例如and, or , but, so…that….too…to, as well as..in general, with regard to, in particular等.例:1.我告诉他该走了,他匆匆忙忙地走了.I told him it was time to go , he hurried away.语法错误,英语两个完整的句子不能直接并列,而要用连词表示其逻辑关系.I told him it was time to go and he hurried away.

3、 增补连词或连接性词语 2. 变化太小,观察不出.The change is too little to be observed.3. 我们是多年的好朋友,一旦分开,难免会依依不舍.Since we are close friends for years, surely we cannot tear away from each other, once we have to part company. 你如何翻译以下句子?*1. 虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后.Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.*2. 留得青山在,不怕没柴烧.So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood.